Das dreigliedrige Schulsystem im Kontext der politischen Umbrüche und des demographischen Wandels im 20. Jahrhundert
Peter Drewek
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Peter Drewek, Das dreigliedrige Schulsystem im Kontext der politischen Umbrüche und des demographischen Wandels im 20. Jahrhundert (2013), Beltz Juventa, 69469 Weinheim, ISSN: 0044-3247, 2013 #04, S.508
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Beschreibung / Abstract
Die Entwicklung des dreigliedrigen Schulsystems wird am Beispiel Berlins im Kontext der politischen Umbrüche von 1918, 1945 und 1989 und der dabei periodisch wiederkehrenden Phasen starken Schülerrückgangs untersucht. Während der relative Schulbesuch an Gymnasien in diesem Zusammenhang jeweils sprunghaft anstieg, waren Volks- und Hauptschulen am stärksten von rückläufigen Schülerzahlen betroffen. Die Erhöhung des Schulbesuchs an Gymnasien war eingebettet in Prozesse politisch vermittelter Bildungsmobilisierung und der Entwertung von Schulabschlüssen unterhalb des Abiturs und wurde verstärkt durch Selbsterhaltungsstrategien der Gymnasien. Aufgrund der auch demographisch initiierten Expansion der Gymnasien bei gleichzeitiger Marginalisierung der Volks- bzw. Hauptschulen wurden die dem dreigliedrigen Schulsystem zugeschriebenen Kanalisierungseffekte seit den 1960er Jahren zunehmend unterminiert.
Schlagworte: Bildungsexpansion, dreigliedriges Schulsystem, Mittelschule, demographische Entwicklung, Bildungsnachfrage
Using Berlin as an example, the development of the three-tier school system is examined within the context of the political upheavals of 1918, 1945, and 1989 and the accompanying recurring phases of strong decrease in the number of students. While, in this context, the relative number of enrollments at the high school (Gymnasium) always showed a sharp increase, the lower secondary schools (Voksschule, Hauptschule) were affected most strongly by a decrease in student numbers. The increase in students attending the high school was embedded in processes of politically mediated educational mobilization and of the devaluation of school-leaving qualifications lower than the Abitur (the general qualification for university entrance). It was furthermore enhanced through strategies of self-preservation developed by the high schools. Due to the also demographically initiated expansion of the high school (Gymnasium) and the accompanying marginalization of the lower secondary schools (Volksschule, Hauptschule), the canalization effects attributed to the three-tier school system have been increasingly undermined since the 1960s.
Keywords: Educational Expansion, Tripartite System of Secondary Education, Middle School, Demographic Development, Demand for Education
Schlagworte: Bildungsexpansion, dreigliedriges Schulsystem, Mittelschule, demographische Entwicklung, Bildungsnachfrage
Using Berlin as an example, the development of the three-tier school system is examined within the context of the political upheavals of 1918, 1945, and 1989 and the accompanying recurring phases of strong decrease in the number of students. While, in this context, the relative number of enrollments at the high school (Gymnasium) always showed a sharp increase, the lower secondary schools (Voksschule, Hauptschule) were affected most strongly by a decrease in student numbers. The increase in students attending the high school was embedded in processes of politically mediated educational mobilization and of the devaluation of school-leaving qualifications lower than the Abitur (the general qualification for university entrance). It was furthermore enhanced through strategies of self-preservation developed by the high schools. Due to the also demographically initiated expansion of the high school (Gymnasium) and the accompanying marginalization of the lower secondary schools (Volksschule, Hauptschule), the canalization effects attributed to the three-tier school system have been increasingly undermined since the 1960s.
Keywords: Educational Expansion, Tripartite System of Secondary Education, Middle School, Demographic Development, Demand for Education