Risk, Vulnerability and Tourism in Developing Countries: The Case of Nepal
Martina Shakya
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Martina Shakya, Risk, Vulnerability and Tourism in Developing Countries: The Case of Nepal (2009), Logos Verlag, Berlin, ISBN: 9783832593520
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Beschreibung / Abstract
This book explores the ambivalent relationship of poverty, risk and vulnerability, by examining impacts of tourism in rural communities of Nepal both theoretically and empirically. Due to concerns about risk, the international aid community has been reluctant to promote tourism as a development option for poor societies. Based on a national vulnerability profile, household survey data and village case studies, this book emphasizes instead the local development opportunities that also arise from tourism. Risk and insecurity are found to be notorious in rural societies even under "normal conditions". The empirical evidence suggests that tourism can reduce the likelihood to fall into or to remain in poverty, as tourism notably increases the risk management and coping capacity of rural households.
Martina Shakya is a human geographer and research fellow at the Institute of Development Research and Development Policy (IEE) of the Ruhr University Bochum. Before joining the IEE in 2004, she spent several years in Southern Africa and in Nepal working as an advisor for tourism and regional development.
Martina Shakya is a human geographer and research fellow at the Institute of Development Research and Development Policy (IEE) of the Ruhr University Bochum. Before joining the IEE in 2004, she spent several years in Southern Africa and in Nepal working as an advisor for tourism and regional development.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- BEGINN
- 1 Introduction
- 1.1 Background and Context
- 1.2 Research Aim and Scope of the Study
- 1.3 Organization of the Study
- 2 Theoretical Approaches to Vulnerability
- 2.1 The Entitlement Perspective
- 2.2 The Assets Perspective
- 2.3 The Livelihoods Perspective
- 2.4 The Hazard Perspective
- 2.5 The Risk Perspective
- 2.6 The Resilience Perspective
- 2.7 The Security Perspective
- 2.8 Conclusions
- 3 Linking Poverty, Risk and Vulnerability
- 3.1 Concept and Measurement of Poverty
- 3.2 Risk as a Cause of Poverty
- 3.3 Empirical Approaches to Estimating Vulnerability to Poverty
- 3.4 Conclusions
- 4 Tourism and Rural Poverty
- 4.1 Definition and Global Scope of Tourism
- 4.2 A Review of the Policy Debate on Tourism and Development
- 4.3 Theoretical Considerations on the Links between Tourism and Rural Poverty
- 4.4 Impacts of Tourism on Rural Livelihoods
- 4.5 Conclusions
- 5 Conceptual Framework for Analyzing Tourism†™s Impact on Vulnerability
- 5.1 Research Variables and Hypotheses
- 5.2 Operational Definition of Vulnerability
- 5.3 Risk Exposure
- 5.4 Sensitivity
- 5.5 Operational Definition of Tourism
- 5.6 Analytical Links Between the Research Variables
- 6 Research Design and Methodology
- 6.1 Rationale for a Mixed-Method Approach
- 6.2 The Quantitative Element of the Empirical Study
- 6.3 The Qualitative Element of the Empirical Study
- 6.4 Conclusions
- 7 A Vulnerability Profile of Nepal
- 7.1 Poverty in Nepal
- 7.2 Nepal†™s Exposure to Risk
- 7.3 Nepal†™s Risk Management Capacity
- 7.4 Nepal†™s Coping Capacity
- 7.5 Conclusions
- 8 Local Conditions of Vulnerability†”Evidence from Four Village Case Studies
- 8.1 Overview of the Case Study Districts
- 8.2 Thulo Syabru, a Tourism Community in Rasuwa District
- 8.3 Gatlang, a Non-Tourism Community in Rasuwa District
- 8.4 Sauraha, a Tourism Community in Chitwan District
- 8.5 Shaktikhor, a Non-Tourism Community in Chitwan District
- 8.6 Conclusions
- 9 Tourism†™s Impact on Vulnerability†”Evidence from the Statistical Analysis
- 9.1 Tourism Involvement of the Sample Households
- 9.2 Selection of Analytical Tools
- 9.3 Tourism and Risk Exposure
- 9.4 Tourism and Risk Management Capacity
- 9.5 Tourism and Coping Capacity
- 9.6 Tourism†™s Impact on Aggregate Vulnerability
- 9.7 Conclusions
- 10 Summary and Conclusions
- 10.1 Research Question and Hypotheses
- 10.2 Conceptual Framework and Methodology
- 10.3 Research Findings
- 10.4 Relevance of the Study
- 10.5 Policy Recommendations
- Bibliography
- ANNEXES