Das Problem der doppelten Kontingenz als Ausgangsproblem des Sozialen und der soziologischen Theorie
Vorschlag zu einer Systematisierung der soziologischen Systemtheorie Niklas Luhmanns
Jurit Kärtner
Diese Publikation zitieren
Jurit Kärtner, Das Problem der doppelten Kontingenz als Ausgangsproblem des Sozialen und der soziologischen Theorie (2015), Beltz Juventa, 69469 Weinheim, ISSN: 2195-0695, 2015 #01, S.60
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Beschreibung / Abstract
Zusammenfassung: In Soziale Systeme vollzieht Luhmann eine Radikalisierung der Parsonsschen Formulierung des Problems doppelter Kontingenz (I). Von einer reinen Fassung unterscheidet er eine strukturierte Fassung des Problems, die dessen kommunikative Problematisierung und Losung beschreibt (II). Deren Analyse entlang der Sinndimensionen erlaubt die systematische Unterscheidung von Teiltheorien des gesellschaftlichen Operierens (Theorie sozialer Positionen / Theorie symbolisch generalisierter Kommunikationsmedien, Zeittheorie / Handlungstheorie, Theorie der Selektionsbereiche / Theorie der Kontingenzformeln, III.1). Davon unabhängig werden dann sinndimensionsspezifische Teiltheorien der Beobachtung der Gesellschaft unterschieden (Kopplungstheorie, Evolutionstheorie, Struktur- und Systemdifferenzierungstheorie, III.2). Im Rahmen der Analyse des Problems doppelter Kontingenz und der Systematisierung der Soziologie als zweifacher Gesellschaftstheorie und -Analyse liefert der Artikel insbesondere auch eine Hervorhebung der Bedeutung des Grundbegriffs der Asymmetrisierung, eine Bestimmung der Funktionen der Freiheitszuschreibung für Kommunikationssysteme, eine Neufassung der Unterscheidung systemtheoretischer Ebenen - samt eines Vorschlags zur Unterscheidung sachlicher, sozialer und temporaler Teilsysteme der Gesellschaft - sowie eine klare Unterscheidung von Struktur- und Systemdifferenzierung.
Schlagwörter: Doppelte Kontingenz, Luhmann, Systemtheorie, Asymmetrisierung, Systemebenen, Struktur- und Systemdifferenzierung
Abstract: In his book Social Systems, Niklas Luhmann radicalizes the problem of double contingency, first formulated by Talcott Parsons (I). He differentiates between a pure and a structured version of the problem, the latter describing its communicative problematization and solution (II). An analysis of the structured problem referring to the social, the temporal and the factual dimension of meaning leads to a differentiated theory of societal operating (theory of social positions / theory of symbolically generalized media of communication, time theory / action theory, theory of selection domains / theory of contingency formulas, III.1). Separate from the analysis of the problem of double contingency but also alongside the dimensions of meaning, I will then argue for a systematically differentiated theory of the observation of society (coupling theory, evolutionary theory, differentiation theory of structures and systems, III.2). In the course of the analysis of the problem of double contingency and of the systematization of sociology as a twofold theory and analysis of society, the article also provides an accentuation of the significance of the basic concept of asymmetrization, a determination of the functions of the ascription of freedom for communication systems, a revised version of the levels of systems theory - including the proposition to differentiate between factual, social and temporal subsystems of society -, and a clear distinction between the differentiation of structures and systems.
Keywords: Double Contingency, Luhmann, Systems Theory, Asymmetrization, System Levels, Differentiation of Structures an Systems
Schlagwörter: Doppelte Kontingenz, Luhmann, Systemtheorie, Asymmetrisierung, Systemebenen, Struktur- und Systemdifferenzierung
Abstract: In his book Social Systems, Niklas Luhmann radicalizes the problem of double contingency, first formulated by Talcott Parsons (I). He differentiates between a pure and a structured version of the problem, the latter describing its communicative problematization and solution (II). An analysis of the structured problem referring to the social, the temporal and the factual dimension of meaning leads to a differentiated theory of societal operating (theory of social positions / theory of symbolically generalized media of communication, time theory / action theory, theory of selection domains / theory of contingency formulas, III.1). Separate from the analysis of the problem of double contingency but also alongside the dimensions of meaning, I will then argue for a systematically differentiated theory of the observation of society (coupling theory, evolutionary theory, differentiation theory of structures and systems, III.2). In the course of the analysis of the problem of double contingency and of the systematization of sociology as a twofold theory and analysis of society, the article also provides an accentuation of the significance of the basic concept of asymmetrization, a determination of the functions of the ascription of freedom for communication systems, a revised version of the levels of systems theory - including the proposition to differentiate between factual, social and temporal subsystems of society -, and a clear distinction between the differentiation of structures and systems.
Keywords: Double Contingency, Luhmann, Systems Theory, Asymmetrization, System Levels, Differentiation of Structures an Systems